2022年8月10日水曜日

Edward Harrison ⁦‪@edwardnh‬⁩ 2022/08/10

 

 
 
Stephanie Kelton
⁦‪@StephanieKelton‬⁩
As always, ⁦‪@edwardnh‬⁩ is a must read.
 
2022/08/10 0:45
 
 
https://twitter.com/stephaniekelton/status/1557030307420848128?s=21

いつものように、 @edwardnhは必読です。






私の最新のコラム:

最近の株式の反発に惑わされないでください。これは、すべてのボートを引き上げる上げ潮ではありません。これは、優れたストックピッカーにとって恩恵となるでしょう。 bloomberg.com/news/newslette…経由@business

参考:


Ed Harrison Explains What the Fed Is Really Trying to Accomplish | Odd Lots
2022/05/27



Inflation is too high, and the Federal Reserve has started on an aggressive hiking path in order to tame it. But will these hikes really accomplish anything? After all, the Fed can't print more oil or housing. So what is the central bank's real goal here? On this episode we speak with Edward Harrison, a senior reporter on the Bloomberg markets team, and the author of the 'The Everything Risk' newsletter. He explains how the Fed sees the challenge at hand, what rate hikes are supposed to do, and the odds of it all actually working out as planned.
See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

インフレが高すぎるため、連邦準備制度理事会(FRB)はインフレを抑制するために積極的な利上げに踏み切りました。しかし、このような利上げは本当に何かを達成するのだろうか?結局のところ、FRBは石油や住宅を増産することはできないのである。では、中央銀行の本当の目的は何なのだろうか?このエピソードでは、ブルームバーグ市場チームのシニアレポーターであり、「The Everything Risk」ニュースレターの著者であるエドワード・ハリソンに話を聞きました。FRBは目の前の課題をどのように捉えているのか、利上げは何を目的としているのか、そして実際にすべてが計画通りに進む確率はどの程度なのかを解説しています。
プライバシーに関する情報はomnystudio.com/listenerをご覧ください。

Richard Koo: How Excessive Corporate Debt Could Thwart Future Economic G...
with Edward Harrison
2021/03/24



Bloomberg Barclays U.S. Aggregate Corporate Investment Grade Option-Adjusted Spread (%)

ブルームバーグ・バークレイズ米国総合法人投資適格オプション調整後スプレッド(%)



~~~

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By the numbers
5.9%
Core Consumer Price Inflation through June 2022
Goldilocks doesn’t believe in recessions
What do the economic data tell us though? If you take a composite picture of US households, they’re continuing to see wage and employment gains. And, therefore, they continue to spend.  I spoke to this last week. And at that time I was thinking that rising jobless claims were cooling an overheated employment market, allowing for a softer (though not necessarily ‘softish’) landing. But the blockbuster jobs report that came out on Friday showed unemployment at a five-decade low of 3.5% and over 500,000 jobs added to the economy. That says the US economy — and, therefore, inflation -- has legs.

数値で見る
5.9%
2022年6月までのコア消費者物価上昇率
ゴルディロックスは不況を信じない
しかし、経済データは何を物語っているのだろうか。米国の家計を総合的に見ると、賃金と雇用の増加が続いています。したがって、家計は消費を続けているのです。 先週、私はこのことについて話をしました。そのとき私は、失業保険申請件数の増加が過熱した雇用市場を冷やし、ソフトな(必ずしも「ソフトな」ではないが)着陸を可能にしていると考えていた。しかし、金曜日に発表された超大型の雇用統計では、失業率が5年ぶりの低水準の3.5%になり、50万人以上の雇用が追加されたことが明らかになりました。これは米国経済、ひいてはインフレに足腰があることを示している。


A Nike store in the Soho neighborhood of New York, US, on Thursday, July 28, 2022. Shoppers are still lining up for certain goods but like investors, they are turning picky.
A Nike store in the Soho neighborhood of New York, US, on Thursday, July 28, 2022. Shoppers are still lining up for certain goods but like investors, they are turning picky.Photographer: Victor J. Blue/Bloomberg

Don’t be carried away by the recent bear-market rally. We have entered an environment which is the exact opposite of a rising tide lifting all boats. That will be a boon for good stock pickers. 

August Reprieve

Many people are breathing a sigh of relief. After a miserable first half of the year, the bloodletting appeared to be over in July, which turned out to be a stellar month for stocks and other risk assets. The Nasdaq 100 is about to enter a new bull market, within a whisker of rising 20% from its lows.

But markets are pretty listless right now, looking for a catalyst to move sentiment measurably in one direction. Recent US economic data haven’t helped because they’ve been decidedly mixed. I don’t expect this week’s inflation data will be the impetus for the next big move either — though a confirmation that inflation has peaked should allow risk assets to hold on to recent gains. Any further gains would be limited due to earnings headwinds as inflation eats into corporate margins.

It’s September when the action begins again. Don’t be surprised if core inflation bounces back up again. Regardless, bond markets are underpricing the Federal Reserve’s determination to keep raising interest rates for longer. When the Fed meets again, not only should we expect it to raise the the Fed funds rate by three-quarters of a percentage point. They are also likely to have raised their projections for rates and inflation at the end of 2022 and 2023. That should be enough to drive the next big move in markets — and the direction this time will be downward.

Calling the next move

In the meantime, expect markets to be in a holding pattern. Bank of America strategists have said they expect the S&P 500 to trade in a range of 3,800 to 4,200, basically just treading water until the Fed’s September meeting. 

When it comes to the next major move, two narratives are unfolding. On the one side, there’s “the Goldilocks scenario”. Here, the Fed jacks up rates but US corporate margins hold up as we get the venerated softish landing Fed boss Jerome Powell has signaled he wants.  The July market comeback is the best market manifestation of this view. That trend is in vogue right now.

Emblematic of the surge is JP Morgan’s Marko Kolanovic, who has been saying the US will avoid a recession altogether. And he sees shares rising further still because he believes peak investor bearishness is behind us.

“Although the activity outlook remains challenging, we believe that the risk-reward for equities is looking more attractive as we move through the second half.”

Then, there’s “the Bear scenario”. That’s basically a hard landing for margins and earnings, which forces a renewed reckoning for risk assets. This outcome is underpinned by a giant cohort of investors screaming recession at the top of their lungs and bolstered by two negative quarterly prints of GDP data and rising initial jobless claims. They had the upper hand through June. But they’ve been on the back foot of late.

While I don’t think we’re in a recession just yet, I do see a recession eventually and softness for margins and earnings. You have Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley taking that side. 

Both Morgan Stanley’s Michael J. Wilson and Goldman’s David J. Kostin expect corporate profit margins to contract next year given unrelenting cost pressures, they wrote in separate notes. According to Wilson, who has been one of the most vocal bears on US stocks, “the best part of the rally is over.”

The market imprint of this narrative in the collapse in both nominal and inflation-adjusted yields diminishes some of the downside — especially with corporate borrowers taking advantage of the reprieve in order to get lower yields.

Overall though, with two diametrically-opposed narratives forming, there is plenty of scope for outperformance in calling this next move right.

By the numbers

  • 5.9%Core Consumer Price Inflation through June 2022

Goldilocks doesn’t believe in recessions

What do the economic data tell us though? If you take a composite picture of US households, they’re continuing to see wage and employment gains. And, therefore, they continue to spend.  I spoke to this last week. And at that time I was thinking that rising jobless claims were cooling an overheated employment market, allowing for a softer (though not necessarily ‘softish’) landing. But the blockbuster jobs report that came out on Friday showed unemployment at a five-decade low of 3.5% and over 500,000 jobs added to the economy. That says the US economy — and, therefore, inflation -- has legs.

And so, it really isn’t clear whether the US economy is decelerating enough to assuage the Fed’s inflation fears. Meanwhile, while food and energy prices have come down, core goods and services prices like rents are still rising.

It’s a confusing picture for investors (and the Fed) to discern. And so, it leaves the door open to a wild array of interpretations of the data.

What recent price action in multiple markets tells me is that believers in the Goldilocks scenario are controlling the markets right now. And that’s helped loosen financial conditions.

Real rates show how loose financial conditions are. In this cycle, real 10-year rates haven’t even made it to late-2018 levels when the Fed was last hiking. And they’re down some eight-tenths of a percentage point from those levels.

Inflation-adjusted rates have already rolled over

Risk assets have responded accordingly. We know the tech-heavy Nasdaq 100 is flirting with bull market territory.

The Nasdaq 100 is close to a technical bull market

But the S&P 500 has also seen 13-14% gains. And the Dow Jones Industrial Average has gained more than 10%. In the fixed income world, look no further than the corporate bond ETFs to see how well bonds have done. iShares’ Investment Grade ETF LQD is up 6% and the High Yield ETF HYG is up 7%.  Not to be outdone, the longest duration  Treasury ETF TLT is up over 9% from June lows.

That’s not just Goldilocks stuff, it may even be a market that’s priced for no recession at all. Bloomberg Intelligence, for example says that the option-adjusted spread for the Bloomberg US Corporate High Yield Bond Index finished July at 469 basis points, well below recession gauges pointing to spreads of 750-800 basis points.

Fighting the Fed

The Fed can’t possibly be happy with this. Their role right now is to slow inflation by raising interest rates in order to tighten financial conditions. By definition, they can’t do that if financial conditions are loosening. After basically front-running the Fed’s pivot to jumbo rate hikes, the market is now fighting the Fed every step of the way as the central bank maintains an aggressive anti-inflation posture.

If I had to link all these bullish signals into one market slogan, it would be “fight the Fed.” Basically, the markets are signaling that the Fed will abruptly halt its inflation-chasing regime and turn tail to start cutting rates when the US economy starts to weaken.  And when they do, inflation won’t be a problem.

But if you listen to Fed officials, their determination to keep going is clear. Fed Governor Michelle Bowman recently argued for continuing with the three-quarters percentage point hikes. 

“My view is that similarly sized increases should be on the table until we see inflation declining in a consistent, meaningful, and lasting way.”

That would get us to 3.25% on the Fed funds rate in September, with two more policy meetings left in the year.

Given the Fed told us in June that the median expectation was for 3.4% by the end of the year, it suggests either the Fed would be effectively done hiking by September or that we will see a big upward swing in projections released that month. Both interpretations are plausible since the June projections are predicated on an inflation figure which the Fed tracks — the core PCE — getting down from 4.8% today to 4.3% at mid-year.

But if core PCE remains elevated, we should expect more rate increases beyond September. And that’s the more likely scenario. Bloomberg Economics says that it expects the core consumer price index to accelerate, not decline. They see it going  from 5.9% to 6.2% in the report to be released and maybe even 7% by year end (Bloomberg terminal users click here for the analysis.)

Under this scenario, far from being done and even cutting rates early in 2023, the Fed would be raising rates further than the current projection in 2022 and continue to do so in 2023. 

Unless the Fed abandons its inflation goal, the Bears will have the upper hand in this case. A more benign inflation outlook will favor Goldilocks believers. 

Where are the biggest risks then?

Not all assets are made equal, so where are the biggest vulnerabilities? I would say it’s in duration-sensitive risk assets. And by that I mean assets whose projected cash flows are most heavily weighted well into the future. That’s high-growth stocks, lower-rated high yield bonds and long-term investment grade and Treasury debt. If the Fed is raising rates and is likely to keep them high, the value of those future cash flows falls considerably, reducing the value of those assets.

The mitigating factor is the yield curve. A few weeks ago I told you I see the Treasury yield curve inverting as much as a half-percentage point. And recent data show we’re almost there already. But if the Fed holds the line on rate hikes, that inversion should increase. That means the value of future cash flows would be less sensitive to Fed rate hikes.

For example, I posited that if the Fed funds rates rises to 4.5%, long-term yields could rise to 4%. That’s more than a percentage point higher than we see now but a half percentage point less than the Fed’s target rate. But we are only halfway there and the yield curve is already inverted by nearly those 50 basis points. If Bloomberg Economics’ out-of-consensus forecast for the Fed to end its tightening cycle with a 5% Fed funds rate proves right (link for Bloomberg Terminal subscribers here), then you could get up to 100 basis points of inversion. That’s my new bogey.

But remember, for all the gains you make up on discount rates, you lose on the severity of the recession and the earnings hit. For most companies, the combination of a recession and higher rates will far outweigh the curve inversion and lower discount rates. And that will mean equities, high-yield and long duration bonds will get hit hard.

I want to leave you with one other thought on how this plays out: There will be a wide dispersion between winners and losers. I was shopping at the outlets recently, looking for bargains. And I pitched up at 10 a.m. when the stores opened to make sure I got what I wanted. I even got there 15 minutes early! And lo and behold, there were people already waiting in line outside some stores while others had no foot traffic at all. While tons of shoppers were looking for bargains, only some of the stores were heavily discounting their inventory. Ironically, the ones that weren’t were those where people were lining up.

Expect to see that outcome play out in earnings calls and profit warnings in the months ahead. This macro environment creates a wide discrepancy between winners and losers. Some companies — those with strong brands or robust inventory management or legitimate pricing power — will hardly miss a beat. Others will sink under the onslaught of inflation and lower consumer spend.

We have entered an environment which is the exact opposite of a rising tide lifting all boats. That will be a boon for good stock pickers. 

Your opinion matters

While I have your ear, let me ask your opinion about asset allocation. This week's MLIV Pulse survey focuses on the merits of the 60/40 portfolio allocation of stocks and bonds. Please share your outlook for the strategy in our confidential survey here. Thanks in advance.

Quote of the Week

"Our estimate for the core [consumer price index] implies acceleration to 6.2% year over year from 5.9% prior. Further gains are likely in the coming months, with 7% in reach."
Anna Wong, Yelena Shulyatyeva, Andrew Husby and Eliza Winger (Economists)
Bloomberg Economics Team

Things on my radar

  • The recession that began in 1973 is a good parallel for today 
  • The Great Resignation by over-50s may be driving big labor market changes
  • The Nasdaq’s bull market flirtation belies an ominous profit picture
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